Dignity of Man 404
Widening Horizons 420 Portuguese Explorations 420 The Voyages of Columbus 421 A New Era in Slavery 423 Conquering the New World 425
The Protestant Reformation 426 The Invention of Printing 426 Popular Piety and Christian Humanism 427 Martin Luther and the Holy Roman Empire 429 Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin 432 The Anglican Church in England 433
Reshaping Society through Religion 434 Protestant Challenges to the Social Order 435 New Forms of Discipline 437 Catholic Renewal 438
A Struggle for Mastery 441 The High Renaissance Court 441 Dynastic Wars 442 Financing War 444 Divided Realms 445
Conclusion 447 • Chapter Review 449
document: Columbus Describes His First Voyage (1493) 423
seeing history: Expanding Geographic Knowledge: World Maps in an Age of Exploration 424
contrasting views: Martin Luther: Holy Man or Heretic? 431
document: Ordinances for Calvinist Churches (1547) 433
387 419
Contents xxi
Chapter 15 Wars of Religion and the Clash of
Worldviews, 1560–1648
Chapter 16 State Building and the Search
for Order, 1648–1690
Religious Conflicts Threaten State Power, 1560–1618 452 French Wars of Religion, 1562–1598 452 Challenges to Spain’s Authority 455 Elizabeth I’s Defense of English
Protestantism 458 The Clash of Faiths and Empires in
Eastern Europe 459
The Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648 460 Origins and Course of the War 460 The Effects of Constant Fighting 462 The Peace of Westphalia, 1648 463
Economic Crisis and Realignment 465 From Growth to Recession 465 Consequences for Daily Life 467 The Economic Balance of Power 469
The Rise of Secular and Scientific Worldviews 471 The Arts in an Age of Crisis 471 The Natural Laws of Politics 472 The Scientific Revolution 474 Magic and Witchcraft 478
Conclusion 479 • Chapter Review 481
document: The Horrors of the Thirty Years’ War 462 taking measure: The Rise and Fall of Silver Imports to
Spain, 1550–1660 465 new sources, new perspectives: Tree Rings and the
Little Ice Age 466 seeing history: Religious Differences in Painting of the
Baroque Period: Rubens and Rembrandt 473 document: Sentence Pronounced against
Galileo (1633) 477
Louis XIV: Absolutism and Its Limits 484 The Fronde, 1648–1653 485 Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism 486 Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy 489 Extending State Authority at Home and
Abroad 489
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe 492 Brandenburg-Prussia: Militaristic
Absolutism 493 An Uneasy Balance: Austrian Habsburgs and
Ottoman Turks 494 Russia: Setting the Foundations of Bureaucratic
Absolutism 496 Poland-Lithuania Overwhelmed 497
Constitutionalism in England 497 England Turned Upside Down, 1642–1660 498 The Glorious Revolution of 1688 502 Social Contract Theory: Hobbes and Locke 504
Outposts of Constitutionalism 505 The Dutch Republic 505 Freedom and Slavery in the New World 508
The Search for Order in Elite and Popular Culture 509 Freedom and Constraint in the Arts and
Sciences 509 Women and Manners 512 Reforming Popular Culture 514
Conclusion 515 • Chapter Review 517
document: Marie de Sévigné, Letter Describing the French Court (1675) 487
taking measure: The Seventeenth-Century Army 493 contrasting views: The English Civil War 500 document: John Milton, Defense of Freedom of the
